|
1077
|
During
the Investitute Struggles, Emperor Henry IV grants feudal tenures
in Carniola to the Patriarch of Aquileia and appoints as his Chancellor
Sieghard as Patriarch. |
|
1247
|
Patriarch Berthold invests the Ortenburg's (resident in Carinthia
since the later part of the 11. Century and Counts since 1141),
with Reifnitz (Ribnica) and its subjects, including the primeval
forest, the future settlement area of the Gottscheer. |
|
1339
|
In
his 1. September dated letter, Bertrand, Patriarch of Aquileia
grants count Otto I von Ortenburg permission to appoint a chaplain
to the chapel which had been erected by the count on his Mooswald
estate and dedicated to St. Bartholomew. This was granted since
the nearby residents could reach the parish church in Reifnitz
only with great difficulty. In addition, the creation of a cemetery
was allowed, however, without affecting the rights of the parish
church. |
|
1363
|
On 1. May, Patriarch Ludwig confirms that within the pastoral boundaries
of St. Stephan in Reifnitz, in certain meadows and forests that
had been untended and unsettled, many residences had been erected
and given over to agriculture. Many settlers arrived to live
there and new churches (among them Gotsche and Goteniz) had been
built. |
|
1377
|
Mooswald, located at the foot of the mountain, looses its importance
to the valley; the main village therein having been granted the
status of a market in the Gotsche. |
|
1398
|
The first Urbarium (land record) is drawn up; preserving the first
tabulation of the settlers and their tributes to the jurisdiction
in Rieg. |
|
1400
|
First
emergence of Nesseltal as parish; the settlers had apparently advanced
with fire and plough gradually into the easternmost parts of the
main land area. |
|
1406
|
On 20. May, Friedrich, Count von Ortenburg lets it be known: Whoever
had tended a forest, unhindered and without objection from the
sovereign for nine years and one day, and this under rightful
conditions, can no longer be dispossessed. The, in detail prepared "Waldordnung" (forest
law), must "vill stöß vnndt Krieg geübt...
vnd daraus Todtschleg und feindtschafft geraten seindt" (since
the use of force and war… and from this casualty and animosity
flowed) govern the right of ownership. |
|
1415
|
(to this) writes Burkard Zink from Memmingen: "…. giengen
also mit ainander in Krainland gen windischen landen in ainem markt
haist Reisnitz ..." ( on the way together in Carniolaland toward
the wends we land in a market called Resnitz (Reifnitz) ….
after Lobach (Leibach) 6 miles toward Croatia". He was underway
to his uncle, the priest in Rieg, who came into the Land with Margarethe
von Teck, the wife of the Ortenburger Friedrich. Zink attended the
school in Reifnitz; the place, once residence of the Ortenburger
and in 1500, already a Slovene city. |
|
1418
|
the Ortenburger die out; through law of inheritance their property |
|
1420
|
transfers
to the counts of Cilli. They erected, in 1424, castle Friedrichstein;
thereafter occurred the tragedy of Veronika. |
|
1456
|
Ulrich,
the last of the counts of Cilli, murdered. |
|
1460
|
After
disagreement and battle with Johann, the Count von Görz, Emperor
Friedrich III, secures for himself the entire inheritance of the
Ortenburger in the peace of Pusarnitz. |
|
1469
|
The Turks, for the first time, invade the land and burn to the ground
the market; it stood in the area where later on the church of
Corpus Christi was erected. The reconstruction of the settlement
followed within the arch of the river Rinse. |
|
1471
|
Emperor Friedrich III grants the settlement City Status with self
jurisdiction ("as far as the tilled lands extend")
a Coat of Arms, and full civic rights to the residents (same
as to the citizens of Rudolfswert (Novo mesto). It was allowed
to hold four annual market days and two Church holidays, as well
as the right "for all times eternal" to elect Judges
and Councilors. Twenty times (until 1598) was the land invaded
by the Turks; the description of a contemporary we find in Widmer
on page 151. Even on 22. January, 1574, the residents of Graflinden,
Preriegel and Unterdeutschau come to apply for tax exemption,
have they not tended, like their forbears, the Kreidfeuer (signal
fires announcing the approaching of the Turks). However, life
continues and
in |
|
1471
|
on the 10. of June, the Judges and Councilor's of the City of Gottschee
(Kocevje) acquire the lease for castle of Friedrichstein from
the regional court for two years. |
|
1476
|
On
28. June Friedrich III proclaims at "Neustadt" (Novo
mesto) his decision of having leased to the brothers Petritz, citizen
of the Gottschee, the mining rights to the iron at Grafenwarth
and Osilnitz. |
|
1492
|
On
23. October, Friedrich III. grants the "Hausiererpatent" (the
right to peddle in the domain), which brings the Gottscheer an
new source of income. This decree was renewed 20 more times, lastly
in 1841. |
|
1497
|
On
9. June, Friedrich III. demands the return of the jurisdictions
of Lower- and Upper "Gotsche" and that of "Riegkh",
mortgaged to Caspar Rauber (26. November 1491), to bestow them
on Wilhelm von Auersperg. |
|
1507
|
On 1. Februar, Emperor Maximilian I. sells the three jurisdictions
to Baron Jörg von Thurn. This largess was most likely due
to the uprising of the peasants in the city of Gottschee. The
uprising |
|
1515
|
started
in April; the Carniolian units were able, only with help from Styrian
units, 100 horsemen and 400 foot soldiers, to suppress the revolt. |
|
1524
|
Hans Ungnad becomes owner of the leasehold. |
|
1547
|
On 22. February, the Leasehold was transferred to Stefan Ursini,
Count of Blagay. The secretaries of this Croatian family started
converting Germanic names into their Slavic meaning, thus: "Jakls
sun" (Jakls son) became Jaklitsch. In 1558 Count Franz is
owner of the leasehold. He caused a hill, named Neuberg near
Tschermoschnitz, to be planted with grapevines and founded 25
villages with 38 3/8 Huben (hides) in the north of the enclave
along the Hornwald, whereby he became the "second colonizer" of
the Gottschee area. |
|
1574
|
This year, on order from Karl II. of Inner-Austria, the maintenance
of the Urbarium (book of deeds) was started. It shows 136 villages,
in which appeared 27 still undivided full hides, 904 half-, four
three - quarter, three one-third, 32 quarter- and eight one-eight
hides. The biggest village then was Rieg, with 14 full hides.
10 hides each had Obermösel, Nesseltal and Reichenau. Further,
Altlag had seven and Mitterdorf had six. Count Stefan the Younger
drafted the Urbarium to his benefit, the peasants consequently
rebelled, upon which the government of Inner-Austria, in a letter
dated 8. September, of the year |
|
1569
|
declared
that the leaders to be kept in Ljubljana, in "the main castle
in a tower for one month on bread and water…" |
|
1618
|
On 1. March, Baron Hans Jakob Khiesel purchased the Gottschee estate,
one third of which he already owned since 9. September 1607. |
|
1629
|
On
28. May. Pope Urban names Bishop Albert von Smederevo as vicar
of Gottschee with the directive to appoint German Chaplains, since
German (lingua teutonica) is spoken there. |
|
1641
|
Wolf
Engelbrecht von Auersperg purchases the Gottschee estate. (his
family was owner of Reifnitz 1220 - 1263, his younger brother,
Johann Weikard, personal councilor to emperor Ferdinand II.) |
|
1690
|
In
this year is mentioned the first school in Gottschee, in Gottschee
town. |
|
1745
|
An
entry records the following five parishes and the number of parishioners
in the Gottschee enclave: Town of Gottschee (3,250), Rieg (1,562),
Mösel (910), Nesseltal (1,665) and Tschermoschnitz (1,692).
In total, 9,079 persons. |
|
1770
|
Maria
Theresia commands the count of all male inhabitants and the listing
of their domicile. The tabulation gives information over the precise
number of houses, which also records the new settling since 1574.
(see Grothe, pg. 71 and Petschauer, pg. 201). During this time,
until approximately 1825, occurred the final colonization, when
all the land was finally distributed. |
|
1791
|
After
11. November, the Auersperger are Dukes of Gottschee. The years |
|
1809
-
1815 |
bring
the French period, again unpleasantness: plunder of the town between
16. - 18. of October 1809. Thereafter, the "agitators" were
summarily executed. |
|
1849
|
The
glass factory starts production. |
|
1851
|
brought
the end to a, from Emperor Josef I. generated, charter defining
the dominion of Gottschee as a governing unit. In this the dominion
was divided into political districts encompassing Gottschee (including
legal districts Gottschee and Reifnitz), Tschernembl (including
legal districts Tschernembl and Möttling) and Rudolfswert
(legal districts Rudolfswert and Seisenberg). |
|
1867
and 1869 |
Univ.
Prof. Dr. K. J. Schröer travels the enclave of Gottschee.
He brings attention to the meaning of the Gottscheer language and
its songs and creates a dictionary of the language of Gottschee. |
|
1872
|
On
28. October, the junior high-school in the town of Gottschee was
inaugurated; in 1873, a subsidy fund for needy students; in 1881
Johann Stampfl donated, on 16. May, his "Stipend fund" encompassing
100,000 Gulden (ducats) whose interest made possible, year after
year, substantial donations to gifted students of limited means.
(see "Mittheilungen", 15. May 1891) |
|
1893
|
On
28. September, the railroad spur to Gottschee was inaugurated. |
|
1895
|
This
year " Die deutsche Sprachinsel Gottschee", ("The
German Speech Island Gottschee") a documentation created by
Dr. Adolf Hauffen of Graz, appears. |
|
1904
|
On
4. January, the first issue of the "Gottscheer Bote" comes
to subscribers. The publication of the newspaper is terminated
by the authorities of the kingdom of the SHS on 6. June 1919. Its
successor is the "Gottscheer Zeitung" starting on 1,
August 1919, which ceases to exist with the resettlement. (last
issue in Gottschee is 3. December 1941). Since 1955, it appears
again in Klagenfurt, Austria. |
|
1918
|
The
authorities of the Kingdom of the SHS, dissolve or seize all German
organizations. On 31. December, initially with provision, all German
speaking state employees (formerly Austrian) are given notice to
either teach in Slovene or be terminated; in place of German speaking
convent nuns in the town orphanage appeare Slovene speaking women,
the fire brigades are required to use the Slovene command language
and in only 16 of 33 schools are classes in German allowed to remain.
The majority of Gottscheer teachers opt, under pressure to instruct
in Slovene, for emigration to Austria, others are transferred into
exclusively Slovene parts of the land |
|
1941
to 1942 |
The
Gottscheer-Volksdeutsche resettle into the ethnically cleansed, "Ranner
triangle", at the confluence
of the rivers Gurk (Krka), Sattelbach (Sottla) and the Sawe (Sava),
with end of war 1945 they are driven out from there. |
|
1952
|
In
Germany and Austria, the émigrés gather for the purpose
of reducing the material and psychological burden, erect memorials
and gather locations for the gathering of the compatriots. |
|
1980
|
In this year, the "650 years of Gottschee" was celebrated in Gottscheer get-togethers worldwide. |
